ABSTRACT
Introduction: The Indian population experiencing rapid ageing. By 2050, elderly would be 19.5% of the total population. The increasing elderly in society brings with new social problems having tremendous health impact. Elder abuse is a serious but neglected social problem that has adverse consequence on health. Objective: To measure the prevalence of elder abuse and to determine associated factors of elder abuse. Method: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among elderly population aged 60 years and above in the Piparia village of Vadodara district. A sample of 126 study participants were interviewed to collect data on prevalence of abuse and associated factors leading to abuse. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to draw conclusion from collected data. Prevalence of elder abuse was foundResults: to be 28.57%. Emotional abuse was the commonest type of abuse reported. Socio economic status, family type, Tobacco use (Smoke and smokeless) were found to be significantly associated with elder abuse. Conclusion: Elder abuse is prevalent in rural Gujarat. Further evidence is needed to assess the magnitude of the problem and the type of intervention necessary to resolve it.
ABSTRACT
Introduction :Single best answer MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) are becoming a popular form of formative as well as summative assessment in educational institutes, not only but including medical field. Formation of MCQs with appropriate level of difficulty and excellent level of discrimination power is a huge task and failing in it, results in failure of test and by that we end up with poor discrimination among high and low performing students. Difficulty index (p-value) and Discrimination Indices (DI) are tools that enable us to choose appropriate MCQs while planning the assessment of students. Method :The cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of Community Medicine of Government Medical College, Surat in June-July 2016, with 103 medical students of third year. As a routine practice formative assessment was planned with 40 MCQs, each have 4 options with one single best response as a key answer. The MCQs were analyzedfor difficulty index, discrimination index. Result :Analyzed item with p-value and DI showed half of the items were at appropriate difficulty level (p-value between 30% - 70%), with excellent discrimination power (>0.24) and substantial proportion of item had poor discrimination ability. Two items found to have negative discrimination value while another two had zero discrimination power. Conclusion :Item analysis is an excellent tool that help us in formation of proper MCQs that have average Difficulty Index (DIF) with excellent Discrimination Index (DI). Poorly formed MCQs should be revised or discarded for future assessment.
ABSTRACT
Introduction :Menopause is the inevitable stage of women's reproductive cycle. Indian women spend around a third of their life in post-menopausal period. The common climacteric symptoms experienced by women are vasomotor, physical and psychological symptoms. There is no specific health care programme for post-menopausal women. Objective:The objectives are to determine the average age at attaining menopause and the prevalence of various menopausal symptoms among postmenopausal women. Method:The present cross sectional study was carried out in four different urban sites of Gujarat. Two stage sampling methods adopted to select participants. Data was collected by personnel interview using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Results:Median age of menopause was 45 years with a range from 35 to 56 years. The most common symptoms present among participants were fatigue (73%), irritability (72%), weight gain (61%), headache (59%), anxiety (52%), joint pain (51%), insomnia (51%). The Vasomotor symptoms like hot flushes, night sweat and urinary incontinence were present respectively in 41%, 35% and 23% of study participants. Conclusion:The study shows that postmenopausal women in Gujarat suffer from various vasomotor, physical and psychiatric problems with varied frequencies. This study reveals that Indian urban women attain a menopause at early age. Frequency of the post menopausal symptoms increased when women attain menopause at early age.